If he prosecuted, he would punish an innocent man but he would also prevent a very dangerous riot from occurring. McCloskey presented the example of a sheriff who had to choose whether to prosecute a black man who he knew was not guilty, but the public thought he was. Demonstrated by McCloskey racism example.
The two types of Utilitarianism that have emerged from Mill and Bentham are act utilitarianism, which principles from working out which actions are moral, and rule Utilitarianism, which states that we should establish rules from general principles.Ī problem with Utilitarianism is that, to some extent, it ignores justice. Mill's positive view of human nature led him to believe that everyone could and should aim for the happiness of everyone, thus "the greatest number is justified". For example, pleasures that an animal enjoy such as eating and sleeping are lesser than intellectual pleasures such as reading. John Stewart Mill developed Bentham's theory by distinguishing between qualities of pleasure, saying that "some kinds of pleasure are more desirable. The theory, originally attributed to Jeremy Bentham, is a hedonistic theory (based on happiness), and Bentham developed the Hedonic Calculus as a means of calculating whether an action is right or wrong. In its most simplistic form, Utilitarianism can be summarised by the statement "the greatest good for the greatest number ".
Introduction: Utilitarianism is a teleological and consequentialist ethical theory that defines right and wrong by the "principle of utility", that it its usefulness to cause more pleasure than pain.
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